Aggression

Aggression can indicate possessiveness of prized objects, territory, or animals. It can be directed at outsiders who are not members of the home pack. Fear and pain also cause aggression.

Howling

Howling is an ancient form of dog communication. Wild dogs and wolves howl to let other pack members know where they are and, in some cases, to inform strangers that they are in possession of territory. It can also be a sign of distress or loneliness.

Smell and Taste

Dogs are marvelous smellers, in fact about one million times better than humans. Their long noses contain "smelling membranes" about 40 times larger than ours. Taste is not as important, as dogs "gobble" rather than "savor" food.

More on Anatomy

All predatory animals depend on their sight, hearing, and sense of smell to catch prey. A dog's sense organs are some of the most sophisticated in the animal kingdom. Dogs' reproductive systems follow the basic mammalian pattern, but with some distinct features in the male.

Paws

A dog's paws carry pads that act as shock absorbers, provide a good grip when running, and contain sweat glands. The claws, unlike those of most cats, cannot be retracted.

The Skeleton

The basic dog framework provides strength, flexibility and speed. However, selective breeding has resulted in some breeds possessing weak areas. Extra-long spines can lead to "slipped-discs"; flattened skulls to breathing troubles; and short legs may result in knee injuries.

Dog Anatomy

The basic design of the dog is that of a highly developed carnivorous mammal of the hunt. Over the centuries, humans have modified dog anatomy to exploit particular talents, and for aesthetic appeal.